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Generator Flywheel Effect and Stability of turbine Governor System

Author:来源:日期:2020-12-21 10:18:24

Generator Flywheel Effect and Stability of turbine Governor System

大现代水电发电机S具有较小的惯性恒定,并且可能面临涡轮机控制系统的稳定性问题。这是由于涡轮水的行为,这是由于其惯性导致控制装置的压力管中的水锤。这通常是液压加速时间常数的特征。在隔离操作中,当通过涡轮调速器确定整个系统的频率时,水锤会影响速度和不稳定性的速度和频率摆动。对于具有大系统的互联操作,频率基本上在后面保持恒定。然后,水锤效果馈送到系统的电力,并且仅在闭环中控制电力时才出现稳定性问题,即,如果采用频率调节的那些水电发电机。

由于水质量的液压加速时间常数和调速器的增益,机械加速时间恒定的比率大大影响了涡轮机调速器齿轮的稳定性。降低上述比例的稳定性效应并需要减少调速器增益,这对频率稳定产生不利影响。因此,需要一种用于旋转水电单元的旋转部件的最小飞轮效果,其通常仅在发电机中提供。可选地,通过提供减压阀或喘振罐等,可以减少机械加速时间常数,但通常非常昂贵。水力发电单元的速度调节能力的经验标准可以基于装置的速度升高,这可能在抑制单位的整个额定负载的抑制上。对于在大型互联系统中操作的电源单元并且需要调节系统频率,上述计算的百分比升高指数被认为不超过45%。对于较小的系统,提供更小的速度上升(参见第4章)。


摄入到脱发电厂的纵节部分

(Source: Paper by Author – 2nd world Congress, International Water Resources Association 1979) For Dehar Power Plant, the hydraulic pressure water system connecting the balancing storage with the power unit consisting of water intake, pressure tunnel, differential surge tank and penstock is shown. Limiting the maximum pressure rise in the penstocks to 35 percent the estimated maximum speed rise of the unit upon rejection of full load worked out to about 45 percent with a governor closing

在282米(925英尺)的额定头处的时间为9.1秒,具有发电机的旋转部分的正常飞轮效果(即,仅在温度上升考虑因素)。在第一阶段,发现速度上升不超过43%。因此,它被认为是正常的飞轮效应足以用于调节系统的频率。


发电机参数和电稳定性

具有轴承稳定性的发电机参数是飞轮效应,瞬态电抗和短路比。在420 kV EHV系统开发的初始阶段,因为在稳定性的脱离问题中由于系统疲软,较短的电路水平,领先的电源因数的操作较低,并且需要经济提供传输出口和固定尺寸而令人担忧的稳定性是至关重要的。生成单元的参数。网络分析仪(利用瞬态电抗恒电压的恒定电压)的初步瞬态稳定性研究还表明,仅获得边际稳定性。在Dehar Power Plant设计的早期阶段,它被认为是用正常的指定发电机

characteristics and achieving requirements of stability by optimizing parameters of other factors involved especially those of excitation system would be economically cheaper alternative. In a study of the British System also it was shown that changing generator parameters have comparatively much less effect on the stability margins. Accordingly normal generator parameters as given in the appendix were specified for the generator. The detailed stability studies carried out are given


Line Charging Capacity and Voltage Stability

远程定位的水电发电机用于充电的长卸载的EHV线路,其充电KVA的机器线路充电容量超过机器的线路充电容量,机器可能变得自兴奋,电压上升超越控制。自激励的条件是XC


由脱离发电机的额定电压提供的线充电容量,由供应商充电

equipment was as follows:

(我)70%额定MVA,即121.8 MVAR line charging is possible with a minimum positive excitation of 10 percent.

(ii)高达87%的额定MVA,即139个MVAR线充电能力,最小阳性激发为1%。

(iii)Up to 100 percent of rated MVAR, i.e., 173.8 line charging capacity can be obtained with approximately 5 percent negative excitation and maximum line charging capacity that can be obtained with negative excitation of 10 percent is 110 percent of rated MVA (191 MVAR) according to BSS.

(iv)仅通过增加机器的尺寸,可以进一步增加线充电能力。在(ii)和(iii)的情况下,不可能并完全依赖于快速作用自动电压调节器的连续操作。为了增加线充电能力,既不是经济上可行的也不希望增加机器的尺寸。因此,在第一阶段考虑了操作条件,决定通过在发电机上提供负激励来提供发电机的额定电压的191个MVAR的线路充电容量。导致电压不稳定性的关键操作条件也可能是由接收端的负载的断开引起的。由于机器上的电容负载,因此发生的现象是由于发电机的速度升高而进一步不利影响。如果,可以发生自激励和电压不稳定性。

Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)

其中,XC是电容式负载电抗,XQ是正交轴同步电抗,n是负载抑制时发生的最大相对速度。通过在线路的接收端提供永久连接的400kV EHV顺声反应器(75mVA),提出了脱离发生器上的这种情况。

251002048876

Damper winding

阻尼器绕组的主要功能是其能够防止线路与电容负载线路的过度电压过多的电压,从而降低设备上的过压力。考虑到远程位置和长互连传输线完全连接的阻尼器绕组,具有正交和直接轴抗轴的XNQ / XND不超过1.2的比率。


Generator Characteristic and Excitation System

已经指定了具有正常特性和初步研究的发电机,仅指出了边际稳定性,决定使用高速静态励磁设备来改善稳定性边缘,以实现整体的设备排列。进行了详细研究以确定静态激励设备的最佳特性,并在第10章中讨论。


Seismic Considerations

脱离发电厂落在地震区。在Dehar的水电发电机设计中的规定,与设备制造商进行了协商,并考虑到现场的地震和地质条件以及印度政府在教科文组织的帮助下举行的koyna地震专家委员会的报告。

机械强度

脱离发电机设计用于安全地承受在机器中心的垂直和水平方向上安全的最大地震加速力。

自然频率

Natural frequency of the machine be kept well away (higher) from the magnetic frequency of 100 Hz (twice the generator frequency). This natural frequency will be far removed from the earthquake frequency and be checked for adequate margin against the predominant frequency of earthquake and critical speed of rotating system.

发电机定子支撑

发电机定子和较低推力和引导轴承基础包括许多鞋底板。除了基础螺栓外,鞋底板除了正常的垂直方向之外,鞋底横向捆绑在横向上。

导向轴承设计

Guide bearings to be of segmental type and the guide bearing parts be strengthened to withstand full earthquake force. Manufacturers further recommended to tie up the top bracket laterally with the barrel (generator enclosure) by means of steel girders. This would also mean that the concrete barrel in turn would have to be strengthened.

Vibration Detection of Generators

Installation of vibration detectors or eccentricity meters on turbines and generators were recommended to be installed for initiating shutdown and alarm in case the vibrations due to earthquake exceed a predetermined value. This device may also be used in detecting any unusual vibrations of a unit due to hydraulic conditions affecting the turbine.


Mercury Contacts

Severe shaking due to earthquake is liable to result in false tripping for initiating shutdown of a unit if mercury contacts are used. This can be avoided by either specifying anti-vibration type mercury switches or if found necessary by adding timing relays.

结论

(1)通过采用大型单位尺寸保持在网格的尺寸及其对系统备用能力的影响,获得了脱离电厂设备和结构成本的大量经济体。

(2) Cost of generators was reduced by adopting umbrella design of construction which is now possible for large high speed hydro generators due to the development of high tensile steel for rotor rim punchings.

(3)详细研究后自然高功率因数发生器采购导致成本进一步节省。

(4) Normal flywheel effect of the rotating parts of the generator at the frequency regulating station at Dehar was considered sufficient for stability of turbine governor system because of the large interconnected system.

(5) Special parameters of remote generators feeding EHV networks for ensuring electrical stability can be met by fast response static excitation systems.

(6)快速作用静态励磁系统可以提供必要的稳定性边缘。然而,这种系统需要稳定反馈信号,以实现故障稳定性。应进行详细研究。

(7) Self-excitation and voltage instability of remote generators interconnected with the grid by long EHV lines can be prevented by increasing line charging capacity of machine by resort to negative excitation and/or by employing permanently connected EHV shunt reactors.

(8)规定可以在发电机的设计和基础上进行,以便以小费为抗震部队提供保障措施。


脱离发电机的主要参数

短路比率= 1.06

瞬态电抗直接轴= 0.2

飞轮效果= 39.5 x 106 LB FT2

xnq / xnd不大于= 1.2

技术支援:

Bailla.




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